The U.S. Mixed Economy and the Economic Role of Government Essay Example for Free

The U.S. Mixed Economy and the Economic Role of Government EssayIn all economies scarcity (TOC1) is a real problem. This means compared to our unlimited wants the output factors (TOC 1) are scarce. As a result of this as a society we need to economize the use of resources in an efficient manner. each Economic system has to address the fundamental questions of what to produce, how to produce, when to produce and for whom to produce. This entails an economic system. These economic issues can be communicate by different economic systems. These systems can be a capitalist economic system or state-controlled economic system.In a mixed market saving like the US scrimping the demand and supply allocate resources and private ownership of property is protected and the major motive for production is profit and it is based on the assumption of rational self-interest. (TOC 1) This means on the assumptions that people will pack to maximize their benefit minimize cost. As soundly comp etition is the cornerst nonpareil in the efficient assignation of resources to meet consumer demand and the source of technological advancement on a continuous basis so that the economy grow in a more dynamic manner.In US Government regulates the economy to encourage competition, provide public goods such as military forces, public schools welfare programs and similarly phrase fiscal and monetary policy to dampen trade cycles in the US economy particularly later on the great depression in the 1930s. Contrast to this in an economic system, which, is closer to a command economy, or socialist economic system the government intervenes heavily in resolving economic issues and the market plays a minor role.In a Socialist system the government mostly determines what to produce, how to produce, when to produce and for whom to produce. As well competition is not encouraged and private property is curtailed in a command economy. (U.S. Department of States assurance of International Infor mation Programs,http//usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/market/mktec8.htm)As discussed above it is obvious that the command economy does well in income distribution compared to capitalist systems. However they are not dynamic and may stagnate and produce shortages because of wrong central plan priorities no incentives and rigidities of the system to respond to changing circumstances and it is undemocratic in essence. In this respect capitalist system is more efficient. That is market economy allocates resources efficiently than command economy.It is also a fact Capitalist system is prone to shocks and may produce inflation as well it also is prone to trade cycles like boom and bust. For example in US economic history later on the great depression 1930.s the economist agreed it is necessary to regulate the economy by fiscal and monetary policy and by micro economic reform and gave birth to the mixed a economy instead than pure capitalist system. (U.S. Department of States Bureau of I nternational Information Programs, http//usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/market/mktec8.htm) There fore one can conclude that all economic system evolve all the time and capitalist and socialist economic systems have strengths and weaknesses.BibliographyU.S. Department of States Bureau of International Information Programs. GOVERNMENT IN A food market ECONOMY. Retrieved on October 2, 2006,From INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION PROGRAM USINFO.STATE.GOVWeb Site http//usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/market/mktec8.htm.

Han china and imperial rome Essay Example for Free

Han china and imperial rome Essaycapital of Italy was rattling successful because of its superior military authority. That is the main influential factor that cemented Roman power for roughly a thousand eld. They had several advantages rapid development of the latest technology and vast numbers of pes along with a stable senate system and much wealth to fuel their ambitions. It had sewers to control waste, aqueducts for plumbing and pave roads for transport which many other nations simply did not have.Rome had a large classification of choices when it came to battle. Their army usually consisted of Hastati, Principes or Legionary Cohort in the later years marvelous soldiers and very useful ones to say the least. Having said this, they had access to exceptional horses as well and it was this mixture of troops that was a deciding factor in conflicts. Rome used its edit out force of numbers to overwhelm more or less enemies and surround them or cave in on their flanks cau sing a route very quickly. top dog you, tactics were used, but not effectively.The Romans took advantage of technological progressions and were only to happy to inflict deadly revile upon their foes with ballistae, catapults, onagers and numerous other siege equipment. The land they conquered poured much profit into the treasury which was distributed to the armed forces. This was able to realize them the latest weapons, brand new armour, plenty of supplies and good morale. You can also look at the sheer amount of land they claimed through war the empire covered Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, parts of the Middle-East, Egypt, and the Africa coastline.Finally, the Romans brought the ideology of Christianity to the people in Europe influencing the events that were to proceed in the future greatly, something that has changed the world today. They will be looked upon in 1000 years (during the Middle Ages) with their beliefs, attitudes, values, lifestyle and ingenuity being emu lated.

Online Exam Essay Example for Free

Online Exam Essay wait ons processed and marks awarded Instantly. * View Results immediately upon Submission. * Generation of General saphead Lists Summary (Total marks Obtained) as headspring as Detailed (Topic Wise marks Obtained) * Individual Answer Sheets Generation. * The computerized interrogative sentence system has a facility to Add scholarly persons details, View Student List as substantially as Edit student details. Password based access (Authentication Via Sessions, password is stored as a MD5 haschisch in the database) for Individual Answer Sheet, General Mark Lists and Trends Graphs. * Trends Graph showing the compute of students which have passed man-to-man subjects . Trends Graph showing the number of students which have passed topic wise of each subject. * Trends Graph showing the number of students which have passed topic wise in each subject at the midterm as well as final exams. * The Exam Softw atomic number 18 is well suited to conduct competitive exa ms like enlisting exams and Common Extrance Tests (CET). Can Be Customised for any Educational Institution or Training Academy depending on your requirement The above details atomic number 18 of an Online enquiry System developed for a leading ocean Academy located in Goa, India. What Features Should be Included in Online Examination System With the development of the meshing technology, online run has become more and more poular since it helps people save much energy and age. As an streamlined and effective way of teaching and learning, online query can prevent from cheating and ensure the fairness of the examination results.A good examination system should be developed based on the needs of a real examination. Here are some features an examination system should provide Examination Instructions The examination instructions will show the basis contents of the examination and something that should be paid attention to. ordinarily the following elements such as total questi ons, full score, passing rate, passing score, condemnation limit, etc. are included in the instructions rascal. Accessibility of Examination Content Pre forwardness accounts and passwords can be set to protect the contents.And participants can register themselves online. Only authorized pulmonary tuberculosisrs can take the assessment contents. Whats more, reality hosting limitations can be set. Even if the participants have downloaded the flash assessment, it can not be played. Valid cartridge clip of Examination Content The participants can log in the examination system with their accounts and passwords to access the relevant page to complete the studying in the valid time. The examination will be unavailable when the valid time expires. Time Limit of the ExaminationParticipants may log in the system to take the examination by and by the start time. When the testing time is usanced up, the examination results will be submitted by participants. Even if the examination is no t completely finished at that moment, it will be submitted to the reporting system too. The start time and end time will be recorded precisely in seconds. Time Reminder for the Examination The time reminder will tell the participants how much time left during their examination. When it comes to the end of the testing, some exchange audio will remind you of submiting your examination paper.Submission Ways Two ways to submit your answers to the reporting system 1. Submit one question at a time. 2. Submit all at once. The occasion one means the participants can not revaluation and modify their answers to their submitted questions. However, with the latter way of submiting, the participants can review and modify their answered questions before they submit the final answers. Result Release Immediate release or quantify release can be set to the examination. For some examinations consisting of objective questions, the scores can be reason automatically when the testing is over.The p articipants can view the results instantly. If you dont want the results to be viewed so early or there are some subjective questions needs manual grade, you can finish the grading job first and then the participants can visit the system sack upsite to check their testing results. Chapter 1 antecedent Investigation ab come to the fore Existing System 1. 1 INTRODUCTION Modern technology has added a red-hot ingredient to this mix the Internet. The Internet can be regarded as a cheaper and improved version of the self-cultivation resources.Some people like to take exam in a classroom is traditional manual examination because they are happy to sit there and have the teacher tell them what to learn, and when they get stuck, they are happy that there is someone there to help them, and they enjoy the social environment while taking exam. The traditional approach to measuring a persons level of dwellledge in a topic has been the examination. These years there is often more emphasi s on internal assessments, which may consist of assignments and projects give out and then marked or assessed. However examinations remain a popular component of many assessments. source Phillip Dorrell (2006) The author have noticed that most students wanting to acquire an admission into higher problems usually honour it hard to achieve because those institutions make it a requirement to for the students to attain English certification which would verify that the students do speak and understand English. In order to help students acquire these scores, the author took it as a take exception to develop a test engine which would allow students to get the scores with ease. Examinations have the advantages of confidence that a large number of students are all being assessed equally and reduced opportunity for cheating.Users can use the system for writing the test and know about the system functionality. An individual can make use of the system by login in and taking a test. The main aim of carrying out a precedent investigation is to attain much knowledge about understanding of problem, defining the project scope and constraints, identifying the benefits, estimating the time. manual Exam Manual Exam is sort of an assessment that is intended to measure an individuals knowledge, skill and aptitude of a certain student or individual.This is also comm solitary(prenominal) known to test takers as Written Tests and is a manual exam developers choice of which style or coiffe to use in creating and developing a written administered on a sheet of paper. A test taker who takes a written test could respond to such specific test items by writing it down manually within a stipulation space of an examination paper or any separate sheet of documenttest is usually given that there is no such standard of testing. Be that as it may, certain exam style format have become widely used than others. Online Exam Online examination is an assesment that use network connection or in ternet in its process.Individuals and students must sign in on an assessment program or web link by entering their username and password. Then they choose the course that will be tested and the student start answering the questions that is shown on the screen. After they have finished the examination, the student taking the exam must click on a certain button that would require finishing the examination process. Even though this seems easy, online examination has its advantages and disadvantages as well. The students who agree that online examination is good has many advantages.Online examination can make the students life easier because they dont need any paper and pen to do the examination. Furthermore, online examination can be effective and efficient. The students dont waste much time to answer the questions because they only click on the best answer that is provided. One other advantage of online examination is that we can know our scores just after the exam. Sometimes, instru ctors can be very busy on a given day and do not have any time to check the exams. Online examination can unclutter this problem. The instructor does not need to check all of the exams. Online examination can do

TV and Our Children Essay Example for Free

TV and Our Children EssayThere is a persistent term debate about boob tube affecting development of tiddlerren, its positive and negative impacts, and possible consequences of overweening popularity of TV among green developing personalities. Critics argue on supportive and injurious influence of television on kids, and access the topic from different perspectives scientific, which is observing of physical changes in babes development, ethical, moral, and psychological. A human race body of experiments have been conducted in order to determine possible destructive cause of television on young minds, which indicated different and controversial results as for the issue. However, every study confirms that excessive time spending in face of television negatively influences various aspects of childs development.see moreinfluence of television The point of influential force of television of young developing personalities ignore be determined with the help of reviewing an d look into the results and outcomes of different experiments conducted on this matter.First of all, television ass be determined as a image of development in two senses, which are hearing and sight. Furthermore, television reproduces the sounds of a very poor role to the human hearing, and the visual entropy contains flashing, unrealistically colored, fluorescent over-stimulating images to a human eye, which can be a threat to development and proper functioning of the sight and hearing organs (Poplawski 1998). Moreover, watching television can result in improper functioning of the vital multi-leveled sensory elements, which can deteriorate the process of childrens brains growth.Experiments, where children are left alone with limited interaction wit some other personalities, accompanied only by the information retrieved form TV screen, show that such isolation tends to generate a decrease of childs brain by approximately 25% (Healy 1990). Further experiments conducted on youn g developing animals, which necessitate confining an individual into a closed space with the ability only to observe the action of other animals, indicated the similar effect of brain decrease and its rate was proportional to the time spent in barrier (Healy 1990).A full visual ability of a child and a three-dimensional vision pertained to an big organism continue the development process until a child becomes 4 years old. Consequently, the visual information produced by television appliances blocks the full functionality of seeing abilities and limits it to the quality reproduced by the actual screen, which represents unfocused two dimensional data composing of a limited amount of dots of light, often referred as TV resolution and diversion rate.The visual information appears on the screen due to the process of transmitting electrons by a cathode diversify gun to fluorescent substances, phosphors. The product of phosphors is artificially pulsed light originated from its glow, and it is directly perceived by a human eye without stimulating the function neuron-endocrine system secretions (Mander 1978). The final product of a TV screen represents a fairly unfocused picture, in order to perceive which with clarity and sharp focus the eyes of a human have to strain and adjust to the lower quality visual product.Apparently, television negatively affects the physiological development of a young human organism, as well as adult organism can experience harmful effects of excessive watching television. Among some other arguments that support the idea of harmful influence of television are moral and ethical considerations, which can be quite controversial.As an typeface of these, there is an argument of negative affect provided by the information received from TV including violence, inappropriate well-disposed behavior, explicit use of language, scenes of sexual acts and sexual abuses. Furthermore, television may become a tool of promoting undermanned behavior of people, as well as stimulating different addictions both to TV and products promoted on TV. other recognized problem of watching too much television is very scathing to young spirits mind development. Watching television prevents children from use of their imaginative thinking, as they perceive the message hardly in form it was transmitted by author of shown information.Neocortex, a part of the brain that stimulates the creation of images, pictures, and symbols, is partly or sometimes solely inactive while children watch TV. Imaginative thinking is a critical aspect of human development, as it is a foundation of such human characteristics as intuition, creativity, leadership, artistic features, information abilities, and many more. Television puts a child in a position of a passive receiver of information, limiting the extent of his/her participation and the ability to influence the ongoing action.Probably, one of the most successful definitions of harmful affects of tele vision on young personalities is its impairment of the three main human characteristics acquired during the first three years of a childs life. During this period a child learns to talk, walk, and think. Television captures a child in the sitting position most of the time, prevents possible communication, and makes a child a passive recipient of information without providing an ability to analyze the information and think.In contrast to all the harmful effects of television and its severity, TV is a very useful educational tool during the first years of human life. Television provides a possibility to feature acquainted with objects, organisms, and phenomena that are impossible to encounter in person. Different educational programs, promoting typic behavior of children on TV in masterly created scenarios and plays may significantly assist parents in belief basic society norms, values, and understandings. Informational programs providing information about natural phenomena and dif ferent living species on earth helps children to get acquainted with what they cannot meet in their environment. Also, different programs stimulate childrens positive attitude, as well as sound effects such as music generates the ideas and senses of rhythm.In conclusion, television should not be completely removed from the childs environment in the time of his/her development. However, watching TV should be modulate on the time, purpose, and body position basis in order to maintain the impact provided by television. Short-time uses and correctly body positioning is essential when watching television as it prevents from many harmful physiological effects on the childs body and prevents young body muscles from lack of activity. Information provided by television should be specifically chosen to attempt to get as much of positive educational data from watching TV as possible, however, a child must still have relative exemption in choosing specific programs.Watching TV practice should be minimized to the most extent possible, transposition it by activities, which contain more physical and intellectual involvement of a child. Examples of these can be reading books, spending time with friends, outside in nature, etc. Nevertheless, any regulation of spending time in front of television will not eliminate all harmful effects provided by this activity. The cultivation is to create a balance, or to outweigh the negative impacts of TV by positive contributions to childs development.BibliographyBuzzell, Keith. The Children of Cyclops The Influence of Television Viewing on the Developing Human Brain. 1998 California AWSNA.Davis, Kimberly. TV and your child how much is too much? Ebony. Oct, 2004.Everett, Miles. How Television Poisons Childrens Minds. California Miles Publishing. 1997.Healy, Jane. Endangered Minds Why Children Dont Think and What We Can Do About It. 1990 New York Simon and Schuster.Mander, Jerry. Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television. New Yor k William Morrow and Co. 1978Poplawski, Thomas. Losing Our Senses. Renewal A Journal for Waldorf Education. 72, slide by 1998.Yarbrough, Marti. Movies, music TV can parents monitor their childrens entertainment? Jet.March 28, 2005.

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Essay Example for Free

The Autobiography of gum benjamin Franklin EssayThe confine The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is a decisively scripted personal story of the one of the most famous Presidents in the US history Benjamin Franklin. The book is very intimate as the author tells the story of his childhood and his way to future values and beliefs. It is requisite to agree with Franklins idea that people should always strive for self-improvement and self-perfection. Therefore, Franklin decided to develop trenchant communication skills and meaningful techniques of conduct.He seems to be the person to follow. During the years of American Revolution Benjamin Franklin showed himself as an ardent proponent of political and economic independence of the country. Actually, he had all the makings to become a ingenious President. The autobiography is very rich because Franklin was also one of the Founding Fathers and American ambassador to France. I like the idea he told about printing trade and Poor Richards Almanac. Franklin allowed people to cope his fears and hopes to make country powerful and independent.Furthermore, his unimportance for his country and citizens is to be admired. When reading the book is becomes clear that Franklin is evoke in the reading habits of people. Moreover, he notes that such people are provided with poetic souls. He admired this fiber in people the most. Apparently, Franklins though is marked bys strong pragmatic tendencies because he is less touch on with ideals, rather with functions and work. Such pragmatism results a list of core virtues and values making the book collision and impressive.Nevertheless, Franklin is considered practical men and all those virtues are practical as well. He argues if idea is simple it is considerably applied. Franklin wasnt interested in abstract morality. The mentioned above humility belongs to the list of his virtues. And I agree with him that humility is important for people as it reflects their beings. A s for me, the book is brilliantly written and ensures enjoyable reading. References Franklin, Benjamin. (1996). The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. USA Dover Thrift Publications.

Imperialism in the late 19th century Essay Example for Free

Imperialism in the advanced 19th century EssayIn the late 19th century Americans fully embraced the concept of American exceptionalism, believing the United States had a destiny unique(p) among nations to foster democracy and civilization. With this ideology, neighborly Darwinism, Anglo-Saxon, naval expansion, and the need for market promoted the rise to imperialism in the United States.When the Americans travel west and defeated the primordial Americans they felt matchless because of all the technological and social tuitions they had over the Native Americans. Americans were able to trade and exchange guns, agriculture, and animals with Europe and Asia. The Americans thought God was making room for them but Social Darwinism is what vindicated the Whites ruling over weaker races. The wealthy used a scientific theory as a comparison to validate their greedy behavior and avoid paying taxes. There were 14 hour geezerhood for employees, no annuities, healthcare, or education. They believed the poor should work their air bulge of poverty. Darwinists assumed some races were inherently resolute and that nature should be allowed to eliminate the black. Their way of thinking is what initiated the Holocaust. They believed that the assassinations of the Jews in World War ll meant they were cleaning out mediocre heredities. Darwinism, not to be addressed so much to Charles Darwin, but Herbert Spencer, came up with the expression pick of the fittest. Darwinism was a feuded rivalry between social groups creating a dog-eat-dog world. The Anglo-Saxon race felt different and that they were the prime(prenominal) and higher ones that were predestined to rule the world.Josiah Strong, a Congregationalist minister, believed The Essence of Christianity is Love. In order to up to now picture yourself an Anglo-Saxon, you had to love civil liberty. You had to be a strong spiritual Christian and have a virtuoso for colonizing. You also had to possess a great livelines s toward your own kind. Strong insisted that the Anglo-Saxons spread Christianity and share their stuff and nonsense godsends throughout the world. The group was predestined by God. Strong believed that in order to spread out, there essential to be form of connection between the United States and the Philippines. The United States would bring the gospel of Jesus to the unfortunate races. To gain supremacy in the Pacific, they essential to build acanal across Central America. The Anglo-Saxons needed to obtain power over the Pacific to complete the works of God and the United States needed the islands because Russias effect on Korea was growing rapidly. In 1901, expansion became a certainty. Mahan believed the United States economy would be incompetent of receiving the vast amounts of industrial and commercial goods being make locally. He then guaranteed the United States an assured entrance to international markets.Securing access would cause for a stronger navy, a navy that co uld carry out American commodities across the great highway and high seas. They needed a battleship navy to extinguish opposing navies and a system of naval bases proficient enough to provide fuel and supplies for the expanded navy. Mahan suggested the idea that the countries with the full-sizest navy would put on the world. He was very adamant about the importance of the navy and trying to overcome the world. This was believed to be even truer once Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines were acquired. William Seward then strived to endorse an agreement with the Colombian Government to allow the United States to build a waterway through the Panama territory. After the Spanish-American War, the United States attained power over territories that could function as coaling stations and naval bases. The foreign market for American redundant products caused economic expansion to those nations.America was manufacturing way more than they could use. The markets of oil, steel, and agriculture w ere in major favor of the American expansion. Most demands for expansion were met by large commercial farmers. Vast amounts of raw materials were needed to properly preserve a strong industrial economy. Machinery became a large industry and all kinds of machines were established. Businesses were able to maneuver over wide areas creating chain stores everywhere. The invention of the soft-shell clam cut the travel time for shipping goods. The faster shipments arrived, the faster they could take advantage of supplies and sell manufactured goods. Oil was discovered in western Pennsylvania and used as lubricants and kerosene for lamps. Steel mill about flourished in places where coal and iron elements could be brought together to produce steel. The American labor movement began to establish unions. The unions began negotiating with possessors for higher earnings andbetter working environments. The wide-ranging knowledge of industrial development and scientific development helped enabl e perception for the creation of new businesses and technologies.Advanced technology strengthened the power and control of modify countries. The convenience of prosperity, progression by the unrestricted market of controllable canals, and coastal waterways, the large quantity of innate resources aided cheap withdrawal of goods. This strengthened the power and influence of industrial countries and allowed them higher advantage in war and economic growth. Contribution in the war overwhelmingly reformed the economy, governments, and society of the nation. This created a salaried report creating work places for large immigrations. The United States had taken its place as the leading world supremacy. workings CitedHenretta, A. James,https//spider.georgetown.college.edu/htalent/border/bs1/berge.htm

Cyber Security Essay Example for Free

Cyber Security EssayPresident Obama has state that the cyber curse is one of the most serious economic and national security measures challenges we face as a nation Americas economic prosperity in the 21st century will depend on cyber security. So why is it that so umpteen people still dont eff some of the primary ways that produce cyber threats? The purpose of this paper is to name some of the more basic cyber threats. Even though it is just the beginning to the hazards you can obtain, they atomic number 18 mettlesomely effective beca substance abuse of the number of people that still consent to these kinds of breaches. First and foremost are viruses. According to ck in a flash.com, There were over 50,000 computer viruses in 2000 and that number was then(prenominal) and still is growing rapidly. Sophos, in a print ad in June 2005 claims over 103,000 viruses. And, Symantec, in April 2008 is describe to confirm claimed the number is over one million. With so many diff erent viruses out there, how do you write out what to look for and how to harbor your cyber world from viruses? Some of the most common viruses that effect people are Trojans and bring in Bots.PCmag.com defines a Trojan as A program that appears legitimate, but performs some illicit action at law when it is run. It whitethorn be used to locate password information or show the system more assailable to future entry or simply destroy programs or data on the hard disk. A Trojan is similar to a virus, except that it does not replicate itself. It stays in the computer doing its malign or allowing somebody from a remote site to take control of the computer. Trojans often sneak in attached to a free game or other utility. To add to their definition, it can also be affixed to an email attachment or the email itself. So now that you know what it is youre in all probability thinking so what can I do to protect myself from obtaining this virus? The best thing to do would be to direct yourself about this threat. Know what they look wish and common websites they reside. The next thing that to do is to be sure to always energise an up to date WELL KNOWN antivirus such as Sophos, McAfee, or Norton.The well known post is very important because some of the smaller antivirus companies are part of the reason there are so many Trojans out there. Once you get some antivirus software system you need to be sure to keep it up to date. Also, dont open emails from senders that you dont recognize. Several of the Trojans out there that get circulated by email come from people opening emails from unsung senders. The next one is botnets. http//searchsecurity.techtarget.com says A botnet (also known as a zombie army) is a number of net income computers that, although their owners are unaware of it, have been set up to forward transmissions (including spam or viruses) to other computers on the Internet. Any such computer is referred to as a zombie in effect, a computer autom aton or bot that serves the wishes of some master spam or virus originator. Most computers compromised in this way are home-based. According to a report from Russian-based Kaspersky Labs, botnets not spam, viruses, or worms currently pose the biggest threat to the Internet. Trojans are the study way that you can get one of these viruses.So it is important that you again get antivirus software, keep it up to date, and dont open emails from unknown senders. However, with this virus you can get it just from going to a questionable web site. So how do you know what ones are good and what ones are questionable? wellspring that you can for the most part guess using these deciding factors ar there several deep brown applications on the web page? Is there a lot of download able content? Are there pop up advertisements that come up on the page? Then you probably should do your best to stay away from the page. In case you are unsure, some antivirus software are now including a trusted a nd untrusted feature so when you search a site it will let you know if the page is safe or proceed at your own risk. If your antivirus does not have such a feature then there are some applications out there that will do the similar thing just to name one would be WOT or Web of Trust. The next liberate is a minuscular more targeted to the business world.It deals more with their emails and correspondence but can also be say to an average internet user. It is phishing. Webroot.com expounds Email Phishing scams are carried out online by tech-savvy con artists and identity larceny criminals. They use spam, fake websites constructed to look identical to a real sites, email and instant messages to trick you into divulging sensitive information, like bank account passwords and credit card numbers. Once you take the phishers bait, they can use the information to require fake accounts in your name, ruin your credit, and steal your money or even your identity. This is a serious issue tha t takes some skill to recognize to evade taking the phishers bait. First and foremost is to educate yourself on phishing attacks or scams. Know what it looks like. There are many resources that you have available to you on the internet to discipline how to spot a phishing attack and a legitimist email. The Department of Defense offers a great course on how to spot a phishing email at http//iase.disa.mil/eta/phishing/Phishing/launchPage.htm. A more specific attack is whaling. Blogs.iss.net explains The adoption of the line Whaling within phishing is fairly new and may have been derived from the use of Whales within gambling to refer to big-time gamblers and heights rollers, but most likely come from the colloquialism for big fish.Regardless, Whaling describes the most focused subject of phishing currently encountered by businesses or government targeted attacks against groups of high- take decision makers within a single organization, or executive positions common to multiple o rganizations (e.g. the CTO or CFO). In a whaling attack, the phisher focuses upon a very small group of ripened personnel within an organization and tries to steal their credentials preferably through the installation of malware that provides back-door functionality and key logging. By focusing upon this small group, the phisher can invest more time in the attack and finely form his message to achieve the highest likelihood of success. Note that these messages need not be limited to email. Some scams have relied upon regular postage systems to deliver infected media for example, a CD supposedly containing evaluation software from a known supplier to the CIO, but containing a hidden malware installer.So if youre not a high level employee, youre probably wondering how this is important to you. How phishers go about their scam is by obtaining little bits of what some would consider being painless information from other employees about level executives and projects going on in the company. They start at the bottom to get more information at the top. So in all actuality it very much concerns everyone in the company. This leads me in to my last but important area of cyber security insider threat. Frankly, that is you. Every employee is potentially an insider threat. So let me define it a little better with some cooperate from searchsecurity.techtarget.com. An insider threat is a malicious hacker (also called a cracker or a black hat) who is an employee or officer of a business, institution, or agency. The term can also apply to an outside person who poses as an employee or officer by obtaining false credentials. The cracker obtains access to the computer systems or networks of the enterprise, and then conducts activities think to cause harm to the enterprise.Insider threats are often disgruntled employees or ex-employees who believe that the business, institution, or agency has do them wrong and feel justified in gaining revenge. The malicious activity usua lly occurs in four go or phases. First, the cracker gains entry to the system or network. Secondly, the cracker investigates the nature of the system or network in order to learn where the vulnerable points are and where the most damage can be caused with the least(prenominal) effort. Thirdly, the cracker sets up a workstation from which the nefarious activity can be conducted. Finally, the actual destructive activity takes place. The damage caused by an insider threat can take many forms, including the introduction of viruses, worms, or Trojan horses the theft of information or corporate secrets the theft of money the corruption or deletion of data the mend of data to produce inconvenience or false criminal leaven and the theft of the identities of specific individuals in the enterprise.Protection against the insider threat involves measures similar to those recommended for Internet users, such as the use of multiple spyware scanning programs, anti-virus programs, firewalls, an d a rigorous data backup and archiving routine. It could also be an employee giving away what you would consider to be harmless information like an email address, a project you are working on at work, how many people you work with, or even where you work and the location of the building. Even with some of the best antivirus software, a stellar knowledge of phishing, and an elite cyber security system, an insider threat can penetrate that because they most the time have the credentials to log it to the system and pull resources ligitimently so it would go unnoticed. So how can you help protect you network or your companys network from an insider threat? Simply, dont be one. ever so be sure to only give information that the other person is on the same level to receive.Secondly is to educate yourself on insider threat prevention. There is a plethora of resources to do just that. A helpful one is http//www.ussecurityawareness.org/highres/insider-threat.html. Also watch for signs of cur ious activity with co workers. Report any evidence or suspicions to your supervisor. So in conclusion, prevention starts with you. Buy up to date antivirus software. avoid risky sites, educate yourself on what a phishing attack looks like, know what a legitimate email is, dont be an insider threat and educate yourself about things to look for from other co workers. Cyber security is a serious threat and is a major issue that needs to be taken seriously. It is not just something for the IT department to headache about but starts with every one making sure to take the appropriate security measures to make the cyber world more secure.