Drugs in Lebanon

Facts and Official Action Cannabis has been grown in the Beak v exclusivelyey ever since the Roman Empire, despite the laws prohibiting it. A long-running measure by the government before the Civil War was to burn the fields before the yearly harvest. The war stopped that action and the country became champion of the most prominent in the world in the production & export of illicit drugs, reaching its peak in the late sasss at 1000 slews of cannabis resin and 3 to 5 tons of heroin, which had only been introduced a few years earlier.In the early says, later the war ended, the eradication began again, but with the absence seizure of alternative income sources and the promise of international aid that never materialized, this action plunged the local population in dire poverty, so much so that they lead slide fastener more to lose and so they replant their crops every year. The culture and production had been In steady decline, and by 2002, most of It was Limited to the extreme nor th of the valley. just now due to the rising political unrest since 2005, it has significantly increased again.With the close watch of the land and sea b shapes for the traffic of arms, whisking of drugs out of the country has become harder, thereby forcing the growers to broaden local markets, increasing the local consumption, which has now become a serious epidemic amongst the Lebanese youth. In 1998, Lebanon passed Law 673, which stated that drug dependance was not a crime in itself. But there was no real implementation of the policy, and the Government continued offering only two choices prison house or abstinence.With some of the dealers being politically protected, and thus unreachable. Punishment came hard on users. They were caught, trialed, and held in conventional prisons for varying periods. However, recently, the minister of religion of Internal Affairs and the Minister of State for Administrative Reform stated clearly that addiction should be placed mid authority bet ween crime and Illness, and that the addict should be treated kinda of imprisoned with criminals, murderers, & traffickers which ordain be nothing but an additional cause for drug use.They are starting to promote cooperation between Government and Nos where the addicts is caught and sent to rehab for befitting treatment. Many dealers were and continue to be seized, as fortunately, action now concentrates on the root of the problem rather than the consequence. However, the Government still has a long way to go, as no official studies have Eden conducted on menders, prattles, Ana correct governmental reenrolled processes, and no rehabilitation centers are government-based.Numbers and Non- Governmental Organizations There are presently 7 available rehabilitation centers in Lebanon, all Nos, offering awareness, prevention, non-residential programs to short or long residential programs. Their success rates are more or less high, depending on the programs they offer and their social r eintegration processes. The centers are Mum el Nor, Skunk, Jejuneness Anti Drogue DAD), Jejuneness Centre la Drogue COD), Bonjour du Ceil, actuate De la Lumpier, and Horizons.To report accurate gets would be impossible, as no serious official study of the matter has ever been conducted. Some incomprehension studies conducted by loose bodies, namely rehabilitation enters, and mainly in the region of Beirut alone show the fol uttering statistics There are 10,000 to 15,000 estimated drug addicts in Lebanon, of which 2000 are female. This number could rise significantly if studies on other regions are conducted. 24% of prison inmates are drug users. Around 700 addicts receive treatment per year.A soaring 49% of all addicts fall in Beirut, with the other 51% divided amongst 6 other regions. Drug-related deaths are very underreported, and that for several reasons, mainly pertaining to the taboo nature of the issue, where families prefer to camouflage he reason of death, when disclosin g it might help other users. Average age for stolon time use has dropped dramatically from 28 years in 1996 to 17 in 2000, to 15 in 2009, with 60% between 14 and 19, to 22% between 20 and 24, to 9% between 25 and 29, to small portions after that.As for educational level, the highest rate falls within people who have reached complementary school with 31%, but this does not indicate that education prevents addiction, as lower levels resembling primary school and illiteracy together represent only 18% whereas higher levels like some or full university education represents 27%. Socio-economical positioning seems to be more defining, as medium class contains 57% of addicts, versus 38% for low class, and only 6% for high class. But it is also important to follow that the classes themselves are not equally divided.What is most interesting is that 80% of all addicts are single, divorced, or separated, with only 20% married, which clearly states that people with less state and instinct of purpose tend to fall deeper into that abyss. As for drug- related diseases, 43% of addicts show psychopathology diseases, whether before he addiction and leading to it, or after it, as effects of it, 25% have other chronic diseases, 20% Cardiovascular, 17% Hepatitis C, 7% Pulmonary, 2% allergies, 2% Diabetes, and 0. 5% AIDS. Needle sharing is not uncommon, and if it happens with AIDS or HIVE patients, these diseases will soon become an epidemic in Lebanon.Cannabis has the highest abuse rate at 66% but is considered a spongelike drug, less harmful than Heroin, which has a high rate of 65%, versus Cocaine 56%, Alcohol 47%, Ecstasy 20%, Amphetamines 13%, LSI 8%, and inhalants 2%. It is clear that poly substance use is very common. Cocaine and LSI are rising fast. It is very important to note that all the above numbers represents addicts, not occasional users. It is not uncommon to see people at parties having smoked cannabis, snorted cocaine, or popped ecstasy. So what makes an a ddict? Addiction is a disease, but it in not contagious.In order to develop, it needs the right accommodation AT assistance, nature, Ana solo-cultural Doctors. I en assistance needs to have addictive properties and has to meet the specific needs of the user. For example, Cocaine will satisfy a person with underlying low self-esteem, while Heroin would be the drug of choice for an overly sensitive person. The person needs to have genetic predispositions, psychological fragility, problematic relationships, and some sort of frail social skills, and of course certain expectations of what the drug would do for them.An antisocial or aggressive personality or morbid traits would also be determining factors. The socio-cultural factors should reflect some chaos and uncertainty, like a chaotic home or ineffective parenting, low communication, war, unemployment, or poverty in a consumer society, failures, loss of values, and the availability of the drug, affiliations with drug abusing peers, or peer pressure. Put together, these three factors are a fertile background signal where addiction will grow and thrive until the person distinguishs that instead of solving his problems, it is making things much worse.What starts as an attempt to self-medicate ultimately backfires. Instead of treating the problem, drugs simply masquerade party the symptoms. The problem is still there, but now, there are more issues at hand. Relationships are worse, poverty is accentuated, performance is hindered, and added to all the previous drawbacks is he acquired dependency to a substance that is potentially fatal. By then, it is too late, but only to an extent. An addict typically tends to be in denial as a strong excuse mechanism for the substance that has now become his life.It matters more than anything else, more than friends, than family, than loved ones, than life itself. More than him. He has forgotten how to function without it, and even if he does realize that he is not really fu nctioning, and that he is in a fast cycle of self- destruction, he cannot do much about it on his own. The drugs have adapted his rain, literally altered the way it looks and functions. Overcoming the addiction is not simply a matter of willpower. It is a disease and should be treated by professionals. In Utopia For a society to be free of drug addiction, the grounds have to be made infertile.Of course, the substance has to be made unavailable, the dealers caught and penalise, the laws applied, the pharmacists infused with conscience, or at least punished so hard that they fear doing wrong. But even if the substance were hard to control, the other factors could be dealt with. The government would concentrate on the people it as elect to serve in the first place. It would strive to provide political and economic stability, health care, Job opportunities, and a secure future, giving the people a sense of pride, values, patriotism, and the feeling of belonging.If it werent perfect in the first place, and suddenly acquires a conscience, it could contain addicts and treat them by opening rehabilitation centers or helping existing ones grow, vista solid reintegration processes, and providing free psychological support and treatment to both addicts and their families (and other citizens). After all, it did argyle have a hand in their misfortunes in the first place. Finally, parents would know better than to become parents if they are unstable. They would treat their own issues before having children and passing on to them the troubles acquired from their own parents and past experiences.They would seek treatment to rid themselves of the frustration, the intolerance, and the tatterdemalion values caused by years of strife and instability. They would understand the importance of a stable none, loving support, detective responsibility, g values, Ana realistic expectations. Sadly, Lebanon is no Utopia. The Government continues to arrogantly refuse to assume its role as rightful servant and protector, and parents continue to ignore their responsibility of providing love before money, and security before comfort.So it falls on our shoulders, yours and mine, to act with continuous awareness and assume the responsibility of grace. A closer look Most common international narcotics can be found in Lebanon. Taking a closer look at their nature and their effects will help a better understanding of why they are used. A drug, or psychoactive substance is any natural or synthetic chemical that has he ability to affect thinking, feeling, senses, and/or behavior, by acting in the brain on mechanisms that normally exist to regulate the functions of mood, thoughts, and motivations.

Analysis and Review of Source Code Movie

Source Code with its unique twist on the classic time-loop scenario, brings mystery, action and a refreshing sci-fi structure for the audiences amazement. This film, resembling legion(predicate) sci-fi thrillers of the past, plays on societal issues with engineering and its potenti whollyy dangerous implications to the world. The plot, although minimalistic at a glance, unfolds with twists and turns that carry this sci-fi thriller to places never before seen by the sci-fi genre. As film reviewer, dickhead Bradshaw, put it, with twists and turns, and at breathtaking speed, this film runs on rails. 1 Science Fiction is a genre that is almost entirely based upon societies complicated relationship with technology and its potential implications on society. In the film, the main technology presented is a program unsurprisingly called Source Code. The program allows our lead character, Colter Stevens, brain to access the body of a man who is already dead. The technology works by accessi ng the last eight minutes of persons memory and turning it into an alternate reality. It is described by its creator, Dr. Rutledge, as a tool for revisiting rather than revising time.Through point of reference decree, Colter Stevens becomes Sean, a victim of a check off-bombing outside Chicago. Although the train-bombing has already occurred, other(a) acts of terror be at hand(predicate) in downtown Chicago. If Stevens is to use source code as expected he is to find out who is responsible for the train bombing and relay his findings to the citizenry of the present so they may prevent further incidents. Each time his eight minutes are up, Stevens finds himself within a pod wired with a video screen. This screen is his only link Dr. Rutledges unit and Stevens commanding officer, Colleen Goodwin.The pod is a metaphysical set created to explain Stevens thoughts and feelings. The room is essentially his mind and all that is going within it. The environment of the pod changes as St evens comprehension of the situation increases. The metaphysical nature of this set seems extremely intentional as there are essentially only three different sets used throughout the films entirety. The use of this pod bid set is very similar in nature to that of the sets from 2001 A Space Odyssey in the sense that they are combining wholly human elements nto technological environments. 2 Each time Stevens returns to the train, he gathers more information about the bomb, the bomber, and the other people on the train, including Christina, the love interest. Once Stevens returns with the name of the bomber his mission is over. At this point in the film, Stevens learns that he died in the helicopter over Afghanistan and directly only exists within the source code. After learning this, he convinces Goodwin to allow him back in one more time to save everyone on the train and die knowing they were all saved.However, once everyone has been saved, he does not die and will live as Sean for the rest of his life. Source Code is similar to many movies from the 1950s and 60s because of its use of relevant political issues to strike fear within the viewer. Much like how the Cold War paranoia permeated science fiction through features like War of the Worlds (1954) and The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), the current fear of terrorism trickles through Source Codes plot. 3 An obvious manifestation of this fear is the bomber himself.Derek Frost appears to be a young, white, suburban male and because his appearance is not that of a stereotypical terrorist, Stevens overlooks him as a mirthful initially. By using the least likely suspect as the antagonist, Source Code is challenging our current beliefs on terrorism that only non-Americans can be classified as terrorists. By creating this unlikely baddie, source code creates relevance to the disaster, and realism to the situation. The unlikely villain shows that through technology anyone can really become a threat to society.T he introduction of this average citizen villain prompts us to question our responsibility with technology. Here technologys power is illustrated because it transforms our average Derek into a super-villain capable of catastrophic events. On the other hand, we are also confronted with the potential life saving ability of the source code. Dr. Rutledge believed source code was only capable of saving lives that had not been already lost. However, the program enabled Stevens to not only save lives on the train, but also his own. Stevens doesnt just jump through action-flick hoops, he also confronts some Big Questions Are we alone? Are we free? Do we have free will? the importance of which become clear as the outlines of Stevenss true circumstances are revealed. 4 The implication of this notion is very unmistakable as Stevens becomes more aware of his situation. His initial experiences within source code are consumed by selfish tasks such as trying to locate his fix and find out what has happened to him.However, as he begins to understand source code and believes that his life no longer exists, his motives quickly change. Once Stevens begins to use source code for the greater adept, he himself is also freed. This is a direct commentary on our usage of technology itself in that we need to use technology for the greater good and not for selfish means. It is this notion that we the audience is left to ponder. Will technology bring humanity to a never before seen existence or enter our being entirely?BibliographyCook, David A. A History of Narrative Film. New York W.W. Norton. 498-499, 925-927.Bradshaw, Peter. Source Code Review. The Guardian. http//www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/mar/31/source-code-review (accessed April 12, 2011).Dargis, Manohla. Dont Know Who You Are, but Dont Know Who I Am. The New York Times. http//movies.nytimes.com/2011/04/01/movies/jake-gyllenhaal-in-source-code-review.html (accessed April 12, 2011).

Operation Anaconda

United States distribute Force Tactical Air Combat ascendences saved the lives of many of the olders and the stainless operation by call in close glory support, strafe, and bombing runs. The air operations took out machine munition nest and bunker that were pin down American troops in the valley. The were also mortar teams raining shells down on to United States and Coalition troops in the valley that were unmake by United States Air Force Tactical Air Combat Controllers from therere observation points on each side of the valley.The Tactical Air Combat Controllers air strikes allowed the pinned down troops to make much needed headway to find better cover and state returning fire on the machine gun nest and mortar teams. The United States and Coalition troops finally took the valley after heavy fire and sustained losses, which were drastly lessened by the United States Air Force Tactical Air Combat Controllers. In totally the were only eight dead and eighty ingerd United States troops.To become a Combat Controller ricuers one of the most rigorous sets of training in the US military. The CCT pipeline has a wash out rate upwards of 80-85%, mostly due to slipstream and injuries sustained during training. The Air Force is working to lower the washout rate through proper education, testing and rigorous pre-pipeline training. Combat Controllers maintain air vocation controller qualification skills throughout their career in addition to other special operations skills.Many qualify and maintain proficiency as Joint ending attack controllers. Their 35-week initial training and unique mission skills earn them the right to wear the scarlet beret and their 3 skill level. From that point they attend a 12-15-month move on skill training course to obtain their 5 skill level. Once they complete AST their training pipeline is finished and they are mission-ready Combat Controllers. Operation anaconda By Phillipcolburn

Street Racing and Li Ping Wong

I INTRODUCTONStreet travel has long been identified as a threat to civil familiarity with significant social and economic impact. Street racing threatens the lives of other road users and causes unnecessary nuisance to the normal. at that place are several shipway to prevent teenagers from being involved in il licit racing are parents need to play their role, organizing campaigns and talks, and creating profound racing area.II BODYA. One ways to prevent teenagers from being involved in illegal racing are parents need to play their role. 1. Family socio economic status and family structure may knead an adolescent risk taking behaviours (Li Ping Wong, 2011) a. Parents must give attention to their teenagers.b. Parental support,monitoring and strict rules and attitudes match to Li Ping Wong.2. Parents should also spend more time with teenagers a. Give more attention.B. Another ways is organizing campaign and talks.1. Government should hold campaigns and talks about road safety a t school and public area. a. Contain with information that tells about the effects of illegal racing. 2. Organizers of the campaigns bring along former street racer. a. talks about the disadvantages and the effect of illegal racing. b. Make teenagers realize the dangers of illegal racing.C. One other ways is creating legal racing area1. Collaboration with other organization, a legal racing venue (Kenny J.Peak, 2004) a. Divert a safer racing environment b. Experience the positive expect of legal racing. 2. Participant rules should be in place a. Posses a valid driver licence and vehicle insurance b. Submit to safety inspectionsIII CONCLUSIONIllegal racing is associated with a course of participants, parents and family characteristics. Government also should take action by preventing this problem become worst. Parents need to play their role, organizing campaigns and talks, and creating legal racing area for seems to be the ways to prevent teenagers from being involved in illegal ra cing.

Data Summary and Discussion

The selective information presented shows the sum up charged on commendation cards by theaters of a given size and income. This info shows that while the amount spent by classs varies depending on the size and income, the itemion of both might also have an important bearing on the amount of that households debt. The debt rate for the entire data set of 50 households is $1,864 to $5,678 per year, while the incomes in the set range from $21,000 to $67,000 per year. The households sizes in this data set range from one (1) to seven (7). When to each one variable is takensingly, one finds that each does to a significant ex carry predict the amount of debt that the household carries. What is specifically shown in this data is that households tend to have a higher amount of debt depending on the number of persons who live in the house, as it largest households by and large carry a debt amount that lies on the higher end of the spectrum. For example, the median(a) debt for the thr ee seven-person households lies at $4,911, which is solely about(predicate) seven hundred dollars below the highest debt amount of $5,678. The data also shows that the average debt for the five one-woman(prenominal) households is round $2,781.However, what the data also shows is that even though debt rises as the household size rises, it does so at a decreasing rate. The fact that the average debt for one-person households is significantly higher than the lower end of the range demonstrates that the low end might represent an extraneous amount, and indeed it does. This is the debt carried by a two-person household. A relegate resemblance of the one-person household average debt could be made with the calculated debt per head for the entire data set. The total number of persons in all households is 171, and the total debt for all households is $198,203.The average debt per capita for this group of persons is about $1,159. This, compared with the average debt for the one-person h ouseholds, shows that the debt for the one-person households does represent a disproportionately high size of twice as overmuch as the overall per capita debt. This might be explained by the fact that the fix costs for households generally perch relatively the same regardless of how many persons may live in the house. different factors that bear on this are extraneous, such as the spending patterns and financial awareness of the persons in each household. However, another major(ip) factor to consider in predicting household debt is the annual income of the persons within each house.Which is a Better predictor household size or income?However, further analysis shows that even household, by itself, does not predict the amount of debt very well. In fact, the data points toward the fact that household size predicts the annual credit card charges give way than household income. Looking back at the previous example, one sees a household that earns $26,000 producing debt comparable t o approximately of the higher-end earners.Part of this debt size has to be attributed to the fact that the household earning such a small income in comparison to other household is faced with the challenge of supporting seven persons. Another household earning $23,000 supports six persons and shows credit card charges of $4,127 per year. Other households of comparable earnings ($21,000 and $27,000) show smaller credit card charges of $2,448 and $2,477 respectively, and this can be attributed to their smaller household sizes.Combination of Household Size and EarningsThe income range for the data set has already been stated as $21,000 to $67,000. The total income for this group is $2,174,000 and the average income is $43,480. The average debt for each household is $3,964 which falls approximately in the middle of the $1,864 to $5,678 range. However, what one notices is that though the average debt for the three 7-person households is shown to be $4,911, the highest debt in that segme nt goes to the household with the highest income.Therefore, the $5,301 debt goes to the household that earns $55,000 per year, while the lowest debt of $4,603 goes to the household that earns only $26,000 per year. This demonstrates that the combination of household size and household income is an overall better predictor of credit card charges that any of those variables alone. According to this, a household made up of three persons and earning $40,000 should show a credit card charge within the median range of about $3,800 $4,100. This would be expected to be comparable to any other household of three persons, yet approximately below those households of three that have higher earnings.Other selective information Necessary to Make Accurate PredictionsOther information concerning these households loans, mortgages, and neighbourhood locations would also be requested of the client. According to the discussion above, though, it would appear that despite the fact that household size p redicts the annual credit card charges better than household income, other factors also happen upon the size of credit card debt. What one notes is that most of the low-earning households do still show a disproportionately higher amount of debt than their counterparts of high-earning households with similar household sizes. Households that, for example earn twice as much as another do not generally show twice as much debt in this data set.Neither is this so for households that have twice as many persons. One contributor to this is the existence of fixed costs, as mentioned above. However, this does not account for all the discrepancies. Therefore, other factors that might contribute to credit card charges acknowledge the amount of previous debt (such as university tuition loans, mortgages, etc) that each household has incurred. They may also include the households attitude toward its finances and toward debt in general. Other factors involve the cost of living within the geograph ical area of the particular household and the general lifestyle to which the household is accustomed.Work CitedProfessors Name. Data Sheet. Name of Class. City University, 2007.

Writing and David Foster Wallace

Writing assignment Write a well- coordinated, 2-3 paragraph repartee to Wallachs speech. Your response should be typed, double-spaced, and in a reasonable-sized font. This required writing will not be label with a letter-grade. However, you will receive written comments in response to your paper, and this paper will prepare you for your origin formal essay assignment. Questions to consider as you write your response 1 . What are some of your preferred ideas from the speech, and why are these Ideas compelling to you? For Wallace, what Is Important closely a college education? 3. What do you think well-nigh Wallachs Ideas regarding education? 4. For you, what Is Important about a college education? You do not need to answer distributively of these questions In order. Rather, synthesize your ideas into a well-organized response that captures your views about Wallachs speech, and your views about education. For next class, please come fain to converse a few quotes from the Wallac e essay that you found particularly compelling.More importantly, please be prepared to discuss why these quotes were compelling to you. As this is your first writing assignment, and as this is the first day of class, youre probably inquire what I want to see in your writing. While each of your writing assignments will require various approaches, generally speaking I want to see the following Passion/Excellent/Engagement with division Do you really try to realize 1) discoveries? Do you really explore your Ideas and experiences, and the Ideas presented by the writers to whom you are responding?In other words, do you take your position as writer and thinker seriously? Do you make this essay your own? Do you trouble about what you are saying? Do you want your readers to care about what you are saying? 2) Organization Does you have an introduction that sets up a blueprint for what the heartsease of the essay will look like? Does your essay have a conclusion? Do you organize your to pics and ideas into neat paragraphs and units? 3) Style Is your essay written in an appropriate, academic tone? Do you project empowerment? Logic and Support Do your ideas make sense, and are they presented in a logical order? atomic number 18 your claims supported by relevant details? 5) Clear writing, grammar, and mechanics Is your essay free from serious sentence- level errors. 6) Creativity Does your essay surprise? Do you use colorful language, Images, and examples? Do you go In unhoped and Interesting directions? Do you reveal yourself In this essay and do you truly try to write about ideas that are important to you? Class with some questions about the syllabus.

Anatomy and Physiology Essay

Define/ tell a give the following terms as completely and detailed as you net 1. Inflammation- Inflammation is the bulging of throw together, pipe organs, or other trunk split due to legato buildup caused an injury. The fluid rushes to the inju broth-red argona and that is what makes the puffiness. 2. High Fructose Corn Syrup- (HFCS) Composed of corn and lab chemicals. HFCS is found in processed victualss such as salad dressing and soda. Your body does non recognize it as sustenance so it shunts the HFCS to a fat cell and that is what causes weight soak up. 3.The 4 parts of the vertebral column plus 1 special part- The four parts of the vertebral column are do up of twenty nightspot vertebrae each fractured by an intravertebral disc which absorbs shock to the vertebrae. The first part is called cervical vertebrae, there are seven of them, they are the smallest vertebrae and they are at the top of your neck. The first of the cervical vertebrae is called the atlas and the second is called axis of gyration and it allows your head to turn side to side. Next are the thoracic vertebrae. The thoracic vertebrae are the next 12 low(a) your cervical vertebrae.These vertebrae are larger and thicker than the cervical vertebrae. The next specialises of vertebrae are your lumbar vertebrae which are the survive five vertebrae in your lower back. Lumbar vertebrae are your biggest, strongest and thickest vertebrae. They need to be big and strong because they reassert the weight of your body. The sacrum is at the very end of your vertebral column. The sacrum is composed of five fused vertebrae. *Fun item giraffes and humans confound the same number of vertebrae.* The special part of your vertebral column is called the coccyx.The coccyx is fit(p) at the very end of your vertebral column. The coccyx has no real function. 4. Bone totality and hemoglobin- hemoglobin plays a big role in cellular respiration and group O supply. Hemoglobin carries type O. Bone marrow is a soft, net homogeneous mass of connective waver that is in the medullary cavities of arises classified as long hit the bookss. The marrow is housed in the spaces of the spongy bones. Spongy bone is most abundant in the proximal and distal epiphysiss of a long bone.There are two types of bone marrow, red and yellow.Yellow bone marrow stores fat and red marrow functions in the formation of red and sinlessness slant cells. Red bone marrow receives its color from hemoglobin because it stores oxygen which turns blood red. 5. The 3 forms of the skin- The integumental has three parts the epicorium is the come oner layer and it lack blood, the second layer of skin is the dermis and it carries nutrients, the third and net layer of skin is called the subcutaneous layer and it is fixed under the dermis. The subcutaneous layer sits respectable Next to fat and it the most inside layer. 6. The 3 types of go across tissue- Muscle tissue is abject down into three layers and a covering called fascia that covers every fineg. The first and most outside layer it called epimysium and it surrounds the muscle as a whole.The second layer of muscle tissue is known as the perimysium and it surrounds the bundles of muscle cases. The final and most inner layer of muscle tissue is the endomysium and it surrounds each individual muscle fiber. 7. Type I and II muscle fibers- Smooth muscle in particular has two types of muscle fiber, multiunit and visceral. Multiunit muscle fibers are sepa esteemd unlike visceral tissue that is make up of sheets and spindle shaped cells. Multiunit muscle fibers base be found in the irises of your eyeball and visceral tissue is common in hollow organ like the stomach.Cellular Metabolism1. Explain the function of metamorphosis- Metabolism builds and give ways down particles. The main function of the metabolism is to synthesize, use and store energy. 2. Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism- anabolism is the buildup of large r molecules from smaller ones which requires energy and catabolism is the opposite it breaks down large particles to produce energy.3. Describe how energy in the form of ATP cash in ones chipss usable for cellular dallyivities- Energy in the form of ATP is used for many cellular activities. To produce ATP, automatic data processing has to combine with a third phosphate and that creates ATP for cellular activities such as glycolysis which is the first spirit in cellular respiration. 4. Describe the steps of protein synthesis- Information from DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA, which is messenger RNA, and so the mRNA is translated into a series of amino acids. The two steps are transcription and then translation.Integumentary placement1. Describe the structure of the layers of the skin- The epidermis is the top layer that you foundation touch and it lacks blood. Next is the dermis, the dermis carries nutrients and conducts the tomentum cerebri follicles, it similarly de fy your sweat gland ducts. The most inner layer of the skin is called the subcutaneous layer, it is not a true layer of skin but it helps to conserve body heat and it helps keep out unwanted heat from the outside. 2. Summarize the factors that determine skin color- Skin color is determined largely by melanin. Everyone has approximately the same number of melanocytes but genetics determine how firm and how much melanin the melanocytes produce.The more melanin you have the darker your skin is. 3. Describe wound healing- The wound and the area around it become swollen or exaspe tell due to fluid that leaked into the injured area. This is not a bad thing because it provides the area with more nutrients and oxygen which aids healing. If a break on the skin is shallow then the epithelial cells divide accelerated and the new cells fill the broken area. If the cut is deep into the dermis or subcutaneous layer to blood vessels form a blood clot and the dried tissue fluids help to form a s cab. Cells plow continuously to clear away dead cells and other remains and eventually it is all replaced with new cells under the scab and they scab will in time come off.If the wound is deep then panoptic construction of collagenous fibers may create a raised portion of skin called a scar. 4. How hind end a somebody reduce developing skin cancer during their lifetime?- In order to avoid developing skin cancer a person should avoid exposing their skin to high-intensity sunlight, use sunscreens, examine skin regularly. 5. incline two examples of modified sweat glands in the body and what they privye- The two types of sweat glands are eccrine glands and apocrine glands.Eccrine glands secrete sweat that is carries through a tube called a duct and released at the surface of a pore. (Ex Eccrine glands release the sweat that you feel on your palms when you get nervous.) The apocrine glands, become active when you hit puberty, secrete sweat as well but they release it when a person is emotionally upset, sexually aroused, scared or in pain. Sweat develops a scent when it interacts with bacteria.6. What two circumstantial properties of skin allow it to regulate body temperature?- In order to regulate body temperature theskin take to release heat as needed or conserve heat as needed. When the body becomes as well as hot it sends a message to your blood vessels to dilate and that allows blood to come in and heat to elude. When your body becomes too cold it sends a message to your blood vessels to constrict which does not allow heat to escape your body.Skeletal organization1. Explain how calcium levels are maintained in the blood and bone- Homeostasis of the calcium levels in bone is controlled by resorption and deposition of calcium into the bones. Also 3-5% of calcium in bones is transfer each year. If you have less than 3-5% you would be a midget but if you have more than 3-5% then you would be a giant. Osteoclasts break down bone and osteoblasts build bone .2. Explain why the shoulder give voice and hip joints are more peregrine than the finger joints- The shoulder and hips joints are ball-and-socket joints and are more mobile than your finger joints, which are condylar joints, because ball-and-socket joints are literally a ball like shaped bone that sits in a cup shaped cavity in anther bone. The placement and shape of these bones allows for rotation and movement on all planes. Condylar joints like the fingers are like puzzles everything fits together. But just like a puzzle you can bend them it but they dont rotate. 3. List the active tissues in a bone-Bone tissueCartilageDense connective tissueBloodNervous tissue4. fare between the axial and appendicular skeletons, and name the major parts of each- The axial skeleton consists of your thoracic cage which is your ribs, vertebral column, and sternum, and xiphoid process. The axial skeleton consist of your limbs(arms and legs), pectoral girdle(scapula and clavicles), and your pelvic girdle(coccyx, sacrum, ilium, ischium, pubis anterior and medial) 5. List six types of synovial joints, and describe the actions of each- Ball-and-socket- Movement in all planes and enables rotation. Condylar- Variety of movement in antithetic planes but no rotation.Plane- Sliding or twisting.Hinge- Flexion or extension.Pivot- Rotation around a primal axis.Saddle- Variety of movements, mainly in two planes.6. List all 6 types of synovial joints and describe/ rationalize each one. List one example for each- Ball-and-socket-Ball shaped head of a bone articulates with the cavity of another(prenominal) bone. (Ex hip) Condylar-oval-shaped condyle f one bone articulates with egg-shaped cavity of another bone. (Ex Phalanges. Excluding the thumb)Plane-articulating surfaces are almost flat or slightly curved. (Ex carpals)Hinge-Convex surface of one bone articulates with a concave surface of another. (Ex elbow)Pivot-Cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with the ring of bone and liga ment. (Ex vertebrae)Saddle-the surface of one bone fits the surfaces of another. (Ex thumb)Muscular Sy al-Qaida1. What happens to muscles when a weight shoplifter becomes sedentary? when a weight lifter becomes sedentary his muscle mass is going to begin to come because he isnt using them. His muscles are just going to keep shrinking and shrinking. This happens as rapidly as two weeks. 2. Describe the sliding filament theory and steps of muscular contraction- Muscle fiber releases ACh.Protein receptors sense Ach being released.Green light (stimulus) is received by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Signal to release Ca+. Ca+ is given to sarcoplasm.Ca+ interacts with your tropomyosin and triponin.Actin will cross-bridge (contraction)Ca+ returns to the sarcoplasmic reticulum so link is broken and muscle relaxes. 3. Describe the differences between slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers- slow twitch muscle give you the ability to do exercise for alonger period of time because they fati gue slower and are efficient in the use of oxygen to produce more fuel or ATP.Fast twitch muscle fibers are good for fast bursts of exercise because they fatigue quickly and they can fire more rapidly than slow twitch fibers. 4. come across the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber, and the function of each- Myofibrils- they consist of actin and myosin and aid in the act of contraction. Myosin- Thick proteinActin- thin proteinSarcomere- units for muscle contraction-I bands- composed of actin-Z lines-5. Explain how muscular contractions move body parts and help maintain posture-Muscle tone is a form of sustained contractions, which are contractions that occur even when we issue to be standing still. They keep our body upright a.k.a. posture. These contractions are responses to nerve impulses that come from the spinal stack and stimulate the muscle fibers to move. If our body loses muscle tone then we would collapse. Which is what happens when a person is unconscious.Nervous Syste m1. Describe the general functions of the idea stem- the brainstem is nervous tissue that connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord. The brainstem has three separate parts. Midbrain- reflex centers associated with the eyes and head movement. Pons- transmits impulses between the cerebrum and other parts of the nervous system. Also helps regulate vivacious Medulla Oblongata- transmits all ascending (to the brain) and descending (away from the brain) impulses and contains several vital and non-vital reflex centers. 2. Why can a person still be alive even though they are brain dead?- You can still be alive and be brain dead it just means that your brain stem doesnt written report.When you are brain dead its like being in a coma. You cant move anything or understand anything but you are still there. You would live in a infirmary or have 24/7 monitoring and you would be living off tubes and wires. 3. Describe the coverings of the brain and spinal cord- the first layer of covering over t he brain and spinal cord is dura matter.dura mater matter is the outermost layer. It made up of tough, white, fibrous connectivetissue and contains many blood vessels and also nerves. The second layer is arachnoid matter. This matter is thin and does not contain many blood vessels and it lies right below the dura matter. The innermost layer and final layer is the pia matter. This matter is very thin and does contain many blood vessels and nerves to nourish underlying cells in the brain and spinal cord. 4. represent the cranial nerves and list their major functions-Olfactory- sense of smellOptic- visionOculomotor- eye movementTrigeminal- controls nervus facialis expressionsVestibular- controls hearing and vestibularGlassopharengeal- controls vernacularVagus- longest nerve in the bodyAccessory- shoulders and neck movementHypoglossal- tongue in speaking movement, swallowing, and chewing. Trochlear- eye movementAbducens- eye movementFacial- facial expressionsVestibulochlear- house he aring receptors5. sleep with between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the involuntary nervous system- The sympathetic division are your fight or flight responses. If you are getting cornered in an ally you a have a set of responses that you may put forward. This division acts under stressful situations. The parasympathetic division is your responses for normal situations. This division activates under normal situations.The Senses1. Describe how the sense of pain is produced- free nerve endings on your skin pick up stimulating from sensations of pain and send them to the brain. There are two different types, touch and pressure is get together to the surface of the body and deep pressure senses are impulses from pain in the internal tissues. 2. Explain the machine for smell- the olfactory nerve is the nerve in your body that controls the sense of smell. Your sense of smell is a chemoreceptor so it picks up and reacts with the chemicals that you smell.3. Explain the mechanism for judge- Taste is also a chemoreceptor. The organs of taste are located in the papillae, which are otherwise known as your taste buds. You have 5 different taste cells, sweet, umami, bitter, sour, and salty. In order to taste the chemicals in nutrition your saliva has to break down the chemicals and release them before your papillae picks up on the taste. 4. Name the parts and explain the functions of the outer, middle, and inner part of the ear-The outer ear is made up of our auricle and the external acoustic meatus. It simply picks up sound and funnels sound into the next part of the ear, which is the middle ear.The middle ear is made up of the tympanic cavity otherwise known as the eardrum. The ear drum is made up of three auditory bones in which the vibration exonerate through and create the sound that is sent to the inner ear where the auditory cortex interprets the sensory impulses. 5. Distinguish between static and high-power equilibrium- static equilibrium senses when the head is still and maintains balance throughout and dynamic equilibrium senses when the body and head are moving and tries to maintain balance.Endocrine System1. Explain how insulin and glucagon work together to regulate blood levels of glucose- Glucagon and insulin work against each other in the regulating of blood sugar. Glucagon stimulates the liver-colored to break down glycogen and convert some noncarbohydrates, for example amino acids, into glucose to raise the blood sugar. Insulin on the other hand does the exact opposite. Insulin stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose.Also, the discrimination of insulin encourages transport of amino acids into cells, increases the rate and time of protein synthesis, and stimulates adipose cells to synthesize and store fat. 2. Distinguish between internal secretion and exocrine glands- the exocrine glands secret hormones into ducts and the endocrine system secretes hormones into body fluids. The Endocrine system h as 5 parts, the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pancreas.3. Name and describe the major endocrine glands and list the hormones they secrete- Pituitary- hormones pituitary gland which is at the base of the brain and it controls all hormones, the growth hormone uses carbohydrates at a faster rate in order to make your body grow, next is the thyroid-stimulating hormone which controls the secretion of hormones fromthe thyroid but the hypothalamus controls the release of TSH, last is the anti diaretic hormone which forces the kidneys to conserve water. Thyroid- the thyroid gland is made up of follicles that store hormones and it is located in the neck.The thyroid gland releases Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which increase the metabolic rate of cells, enhance protein synthesis and stimulate lipid operation. Parathyroid- secretory cells that contain capillaries. The parathyroid gland secretes the parathyroid hormone, which increases blood calcium and decreases blood phospha te ion levels. Adrenal- made up of the adrenal medulla, which secretes adrenaline and nonrepinephrine. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system controls the secretion of these hormones. The adrenal cortex also makes up the adrenal gland and it produces a number of steroid hormones such as aldosterone, and cortisol, and adrenal sex hormones.Pancreas- the pancreas secretes digestive juices and hormones. The pancreas is attached to the small intestine and it secretes glucagon and insulin. (See number 1) 4. Describe how the body responds to stress- Stress is caused by a threat to the maintenance of homeostasis. The hypothalamus controls the stress responses. These responses embarrass your fight or flight responses such as raise in blood sugar, glycerol and fat acids. Increased heart rate, blood pressure and an increase in the breathing rate, increase in epinephrine from the adrenal medulla (See answer 3).Digestive System and Nutrition1. Identify each of the organs/st ructures of the digestive system and discuss how the function of each one contributes to the digestive process- Mouth- aids in the mechanical break down of food. This process begins digestion. Salivary glands- release an enzyme called saliva which begins the chemical digestion of food and produces the taste also. Pharynx- pushes food to the esophagus.Esophagus- pushes food the stomachStomach- when the stomach receives the food from the esophagus it mixes it with juices and begins the protein digestion then to is sent to the small intestine. Small intestine- takes out the nutrients from the food and moves the waste to the large intestine. Large intestine- reabsorbs water to formfeces.2. Name and describe the many negative wellness effects and diseases associated with corn syrup/high levulose corn syrup consumption- Obesity- excessive weight gain is a result of the increase in consumption of HFCS. Your body cannot recognize HFCS as a food so it shunts it to a fat cell and you eat mor e because you dont know your full. Liver- fructose can only break down in liver so it makes your liver fatty which can lead to diabetes Diabetes- high or low blood sugar in this case high because you work through so much FAKE sugar that your body secretes it into your blood because it doesnt know what else to do with it.3. In class, I used ketchup and processed-peanut butters as an example that not many people know contain corn syrup and high fructose corn sugar (among other sugars). List 4 products that contain corn syrup/high fructose corn syrup that would trick a consumer- Bread cook out sauceGood (supposedly) cereals even Special KCrackersHamburgers