Sickle Cell Anemia Essay -- essays research papers

The reap hook cadre disease is an transmissible birthdisorder that affects passing beginning jail jail cells. People withsickle cell hold back expiration relationship cells that mother mostlyhemoglobins, Sometimes these red blood cellsbecome sickle-shaped or crescent shaped and hand over trouble going through sm all(prenominal) blood vessels.When sickle-shaped cells engorge small bloodvessels, less blood can get to that bulge of thebody. Tissue that does non get a normal bloodcurrent eventually becomes damaged.This is whatcauses the problems of sickle cell disease.As tothis day there is really no cure for sickle celldisease. violent blood cells take atomic number 8 from the demeanorwe breathe into our lungs to all arrays of the body.Oxygen is carried in red blood cells by asubstance called hemoglobin( haemoglobin is themain substance of the red blood cell. It helps redblood cells carry oxygen from the air in our lungsto all parts of the body). Normal red blood cel lscontain hemoglobin A. Hemoglobin S andhemoglobin C be abnormal types ofhemoglobin.Oxygen is carried in red blood cellsby a substance called hemoglobin.The mainhemoglobin in normal red blood cells ishemoglobin A. Normal red blood cells are softand round and can squeeze through petty bloodtubes (vessels). Normally, red blood cells go away for almost 120 eld before new ones replacethem.People with sickle cell conditions make adifferent form of hemoglobin A called hemoglobinS (S stands for sickle). Red blood cells containingmostly hemoglobin S do not live as long as normalred blood cells (normally about 16 days). Theyalso become stiff, distorted in shape and havedifficulty passing through the bodys small bloodvessels. When sickle-shaped cells handicap smallblood vessels, less blood can get to that part ofthe body. Tissue that does not receive a normalblood range eventually becomes damaged. This iswhat causes the complications of sickle celldisease. There are several types of sic kle celldisease. The most common are Sickle Cellanemia (SS), Sickle-Hemoglobin C Disease(SC)Sickle Beta-Plus Thalassemia and SickleBeta-Zero Thalassemia. Sickle Cell indication (AS) isan ancestral condition in which both hemoglobin Aand S are made in the red blood cells, there arealways more A than S. Sickle cell trait is not atype of sickle cell disease. People with sickle celltrait are generally healthy. Sickle cell conditionsare inherited from parents in much the same wayas... ... will have anegative charge under normal body conditions andthus likes to be surrounded by water scintillas.Valine, on the other hand, is a neutral, oruncharged, amino acid. Under normal conditions itbehaves like a hydrophobic, organic molecule andwants to hide from water. This difference makesthe globin chains of hemoglobin fold differently, particularly in the absence of oxygen. Normalhemoglobin just gives up its oxygen when it gets tothe tissue that needs it, but it retains its shape.Sickle hemogl obin, on the other hand, loses itsoxygen, and becomes relatively insoluble. In thedeoxygenated form, it forms into long arrays thatcome out the shape of the red cell and producethe characteristic sickling that characterizes thedisease. The insolubility of deoxygenated(reduced) sickle hemoglobin is the basis of devilrapid diagnostic laboratory tests for sickle cellanemia. Scientists recently have had some limitedsuccess in using genetic engineering techniques toget good copies of the beta globin gene intopeople with sickle cell anemia. If they can succeedin this endeavor, people with the disease may becured but will still be fitted to pass the genes ontotheir offspring.